Denonia: First Malware Targeting AWS Lambda

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FortiGuard Labs is aware of a report that a new malware is designed to run in compromised AWS Lambda environments. Started in 2014, AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service of Amazon Web Services (AWS) and runs code as a response to events, which some refer to as Function as a Service (FaaS). Written in Go, Denonia malware contains and runs a customized version of the XMRig cryptocurrency mining software in memory.Why is this Significant?This is significant as Denonia appears to be the first malware that is crafted to run in AWS Lambda environments. Since AWS Lambda is widely used, another Lambda specific malware can emerge and potentially perform other malicious activities.How was Denonia Malware Deployed in AWS Lambda?The attack vector has not been identified. What is Denonia Malware Designed to Perform in AWS Lambda?Upon infection, Denonia executes XMRig miner in memory, and communicates with the attacker’s Mining pool.What is the Status of Coverage?FortiGuard Labs provide the following coverage against Denonia malware:Adware/MinerRiskware/ApplicationAll network IOCs are blocked by the WebFiltering client.

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De-anonymizing Bitcoin

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Andy Greenberg wrote a long article — an excerpt from his new book — on how law enforcement de-anonymized bitcoin transactions to take down a global child porn ring.

Within a few years of Bitcoin’s arrival, academic security researchers — and then companies like Chainalysis — began to tear gaping holes in the masks separating Bitcoin users’ addresses and their real-world identities. They could follow bitcoins on the blockchain as they moved from address to address until they reached one that could be tied to a known identity. In some cases, an investigator could learn someone’s Bitcoin addresses by transacting with them, the way an undercover narcotics agent might conduct a buy-and-bust. In other cases, they could trace a target’s coins to an account at a cryptocurrency exchange where financial regulations required users to prove their identity. A quick subpoena to the exchange from one of Chainalysis’ customers in law enforcement was then enough to strip away any illusion of Bitcoin’s anonymity.

Chainalysis had combined these techniques for de-anonymizing Bitcoin users with methods that allowed it to “cluster” addresses, showing that anywhere from dozens to millions of addresses sometimes belonged to a single person or organization. When coins from two or more addresses were spent in a single transaction, for instance, it revealed that whoever created that “multi-input” transaction must have control of both spender addresses, allowing Chainalysis to lump them into a single identity. In other cases, Chainalysis and its users could follow a “peel chain” — a process analogous to tracking a single wad of cash as a user repeatedly pulled it out, peeled off a few bills, and put it back in a different pocket. In those peel chains, bitcoins would be moved out of one address as a fraction was paid to a recipient and then the remainder returned to the spender at a “change” address. Distinguishing those change addresses could allow an investigator to follow a sum of money as it hopped from one address to the next, charting its path through the noise of Bitcoin’s blockchain.

Thanks to tricks like these, Bitcoin had turned out to be practically the opposite of untraceable: a kind of honeypot for crypto criminals that had, for years, dutifully and unerasably recorded evidence of their dirty deals. By 2017, agencies like the FBI, the Drug Enforcement Agency, and the IRS’s Criminal Investigation division (or IRS-CI) had traced Bitcoin transactions to carry out one investigative coup after another, very often with the help of Chainalysis.

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FBI active defense measure removes malware from privately owned firewalls

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For the second time in a year the FBI has used search-and-seizure warrants to clean malware from devices owned by private businesses and users without their explicit approval. The agency used this approach to disrupt a botnet believed to be the creation of Russian government hackers.

The operation targeted the Cyclops Blink malware that was discovered earlier this year and is attributed to a group known in the security industry as Sandworm, which the U.S. and UK intelligence agencies believe is a unit within the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (the GRU).

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Why use a managed services provider for your SASE implementation

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Recently the architecture model known as Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) has been gaining momentum. Not surprising, when the model provides benefits – including reduced complexity of management, improved network performance and resiliency, security policy implemented consistently across office and remote users and lower operational expense. In fact, according to a recent ESG survey, 70% of businesses are using or considering a SASE solution. But if SASE is supposed to simplify network and security management, then one may wonder, “what value does a managed services provider (MSP) offer?”

Why an MSP for SASE deployment?

There are great number of answers to that question, but a good place to start is to create an understanding that the journey to SASE is going to be a little different for every enterprise. There are a many approaches and models in the market and many vendors to choose from.

First of all, one major reason that businesses are utilizing an MSP for SASE is because it’s just difficult and expensive to hire and retain technicians with the specialized skillset they require, particularly if they require 24/7 monitoring. In fact, according to a recent study, 57% of organizations have been negatively impacted by the cybersecurity skills shortage. Sometimes it just makes more financial sense and can improve an organization’s risk posture to outsource this to a trusted third-party.

In addition, while many technology providers claim to offer a complete SASE portfolio, it is important to note that it is not an off-the-shelf solution and can include many different components. There has been a lot of consolidation in the market over the past several years, with vendors acquiring other companies to build a more well-rounded suite, which has resulted in multiple management platforms. Most vendors are working to consolidate these to offer management through a single pane of glass but few have achieved that quite yet.

And then finally, SASE is not a “one and done” or plug-and-play solution. The vast majority of businesses are not going to rip out and replace their entire infrastructure at one time. Rather, it will be a gradual roll out of capabilities as they come upon their refresh cycle or as budgets for new initiatives are approved. Most large or well-established companies will be on a hybrid environment for the foreseeable future, with assets hosted in both the data center as well as in the cloud.

Benefits of working with an MSP

Sometimes it is difficult to know where to start with a multi-faceted solution such as SASE, and that is why it is so important to have a trusted advisor you can count on. Here are some of the key benefits you can expect to realize when working with industry-leading managed service providers:

Accelerated time to value and scale: A qualified MSP for SASE implementation will offer consulting services that can determine your organization’s readiness for SASE, identify the best solutions for your unique needs, and help chart a roadmap for rollouts. Should your business acquire other companies, add or reduce locations, or change workplace designations, it is often as simple as contacting your MSP, providing the required information, and signing a contract addendum.
Security and networking expertise: Being that SASE is a convergence of software defined wide-area networking and security you will need someone that has knowledge and experience in both disciplines. MSPs can meet this requirement and have the ability to integrate these components to deliver resilient, high-performance connectivity and protection.
Solution development experience: With so many vendors and solutions on the market, it may be difficult to know which offer the best mix of capabilities, protection, and performance. Conducting multiple proof of concepts (POCs) can be costly and time consuming. MSPs can remove this burden from your technology teams by evaluating offers, conducting comprehensive interoperability testing, technical validation, and solution certification to deliver the industry’s best technology elements that seamlessly work together.
Solution integration acumen: As mentioned above, it is unlikely that your organization will replace every component of their networking and security at the same time, which means that you will have legacy infrastructure that still needs to be supported alongside the new technology components and they may even be from different vendors. Managed service providers have the ability to integrate and manage a vast ecosystem of technology providers and capabilities in order to secure your entire environment.

Conclusion

With the rapid adoption of cloud delivered applications and services, the heightened expectations of customers when it comes to digital experience, and the pressing need to support work from anywhere, it is less a question of whether your business will adopt SASE, but rather when. In fact, you may have already started without knowing it. Regardless of where you are on your journey, an MSP can help ensure you avoid unnecessary detours and that you reach your desired outcomes.

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10 NFT and cryptocurrency security risks that CISOs must navigate

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The list of companies accepting payments in cryptocurrency keeps expanding, so customers can buy almost everything they want: electronics, college degrees and cappuccinos. At the same time, the market for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) skyrockets, with new artists becoming millionaires and more established names like Snoop Dogg, Martha Stewart and Grimes capitalizing on the trend.

Cryptocurrency and NFTs are on many organizations’ agenda as they discuss the ramifications of Web3 and the opportunities it presents. This new major shift in the internet’s evolution promises to decentralize our digital world, offering users more control and a more transparent flow of information.

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Meta, Apple emergency data request scam holds lessons for CISOs

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A recent Bloomberg piece highlighted how Meta Platforms, Inc., (parent company of Facebook) and Apple, Inc., had been successfully socially engineered into providing customer data in response to “emergency data requests” to individuals who they believed to be representing the U.S. government. If your entity is collecting customer data, it is possible you’ll receive a lawful request for the data from a government entity. This may take the form of a warrant, subpoena or national security letter. Do you have a process for handling these requests?

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