Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in SAP products, the most severe of which (CVE-2022-22536) could allow for remote code execution. SAP is a software company which creates software to manage business operations and customer relations. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute code on the affected systems. Depending on the privileges associated with the application, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Applications configured to have fewer restrictions on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with elevated privileges.

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Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Mozilla Firefox and Firefox Extended Support Release (ESR), the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution.

Mozilla Firefox is a web browser used to access the Internet.
Mozilla Firefox ESR is a version of the web browser intended to be deployed in large organizations.

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution. Depending on the privileges associated with the user an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

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Multiple security issues have been found in the Mozilla Firefox web
browser, which could potentially result in the execution of arbitrary
code, information disclosure or spoofing.

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Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Adobe products, the most severe of which could allow for Arbitrary Code Execution.

Premiere Rush is a video editor.
Illustrator is a vector graphics editor and design program.
Photoshop is a graphics editor.
Adobe After Effects is a digital visual effects, motion graphics, and compositing application.
Creative Cloud is a cloud service provided by Adobe where its software can be accessed all in one place.

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

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Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Microsoft products, the most severe of which could allow for remote code execution in the context of the logged on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

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Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in the Google Android operating system (OS), the most severe of which could allow for escalation of privilege. Android is an operating system developed by Google for mobile devices, including, but not limited to, smartphones, tablets, and watches. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for escalation of privilege. Depending on the privileges associated with this application, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. If this application has been configured to have fewer user rights on the system, exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could have less impact than if it was configured with administrative rights.

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FortiGuard Labs is aware of various campaigns targeting Ukraine by threat actors known as ACTINIUM/Gamaredon/DEV-0157. ACTINIUM’s modus operandi targets various verticals to conduct cyber espionage, including but not limited to governmental, NGO, law enforcement and nonprofit organizations. This latest campaign targeting Ukraine was observed by security analysts at Microsoft. Observed TTPs of ACTINIUM include spearphishing emails using specially crafted Microsoft Word documents that contain malicious macros. Other observed tactics use image files in the emails that are very tiny in scale and report back to the hosting server so that the attacker can check to see if the email was viewed or not. Of course, this depends on whether the recipient chooses to download images or not.Previous analysis on Gamaredon (another name for ACTINIUM) conducted by FortiGuard Labs can be found here. FortiGuard Labs also documented attacks against Ukraine here.What are the Technical Details of the Attack?ACTINIUM uses multiple stage processes that contain payloads that download and execute further additional payloads. Observed staging techniques contain highly obfuscated VBScripts, PowerShells, self-extracting archives, LNK files, etc. To remain persistent, ACTINIUM relies on scheduled tasks. To evade detection and analysis, the usage of randomly generated dictionary words from a predefined word list were used to assign subdomains, scheduled tasks and file names to further confuse analysts. Other observations seen are the usage of DNS records that are frequently changed and contain unique domain names using multiple IP addresses attributed to them.Three malware families were documented in the report, and they are:PowerPunch – Downloader and droppers using PowerShellPterodo – Malware that uses various hashing algorithms and on-demand schemes for decrypting data while freeing allocated heaps space to evade detection and thwart analysis. The malware is evolving, with the usage of various strings to POST content using forged user agents and various commands and scheduled tasks.QuietSieve – These are heavily obfuscated .NET binaries that act primarily as an infostealer.Who/What is Behind this Attack?According to Microsoft, this latest attack is attributed to the Russian FSB. This is per previous reports by the Ukrainian government linking Gamaredon actors to the FSB.Is this a Widespread Attack?No. According to Microsoft, attacks are limited to targeted attacks in the Ukraine.What is the Status of Coverage?Fortinet customers running the latest definitions are protected by the following AV signatures:MSIL/Pterodo.JJ!trMSIL/Pterodo_AGen.B!trMSIL/Pterodo.JK!trMSIL/Pterodo.JF!trMSIL/Pterodo.JI!trPossibleThreatW32/PossibleThreatVBS/SAgent!trW32/APosT.AUC!trW32/Pterodo.AWR!trW32/APosT!trW32/APosT.AWN!trVBA/Amphitryon.1918!trW32/Pterodo.AVL!trW32/Pterodo.AUZ!trW32/Pterodo.ASQ!trW32/GenKryptik.FGHO!trRiskware/PterodoW32/Pterodo.APR!trW32/Pterodo.AQB!trAll network IOC’s are blocked by the WebFiltering client.Any Other Suggested Mitigation?As ACTINIUM uses spearphishing techniques as an entry point, organizations are encouraged to conduct ongoing training sessions to educate and inform personnel about the latest phishing/spearphishing attacks. They also need to encourage employees to never open attachments from someone they don’t know, and to always treat emails from unrecognized/untrusted senders with caution. Since it has been reported that various phishing and spearphishing attacks have been delivered via social engineering distribution mechanisms, it is crucial that end users within an organization be made aware of the various types of attacks being delivered. This can be accomplished through regular training sessions and impromptu tests using predetermined templates by an organizations’ internal security department. Simple user awareness training on how to spot emails with malicious attachments or links could also help prevent initial access into the network.Due to the ease of disruption and potential for damage to daily operations, reputation, and unwanted release of personally identifiable information (PII), etc., it is important to keep all AV and IPS signatures up to date. It is also important to ensure that all known vendor vulnerabilities within an organization are addressed, and updated to protect against attackers establishing a foothold within a network.

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FortiGuard Labs is aware that a new ransomware called “Sugar” is in the wild. Reportedly, Sugar ransomware targets consumers rather than enterprises. The first sample of Sugar ransomware appears to have been discovered in the wild in early November. Sugar ransomware encrypts files on the compromised machine and appends “.emcoded01” file extension to them. Victims are asked to pay ransom to recover the encrypted files.What is Sugar Ransomware?Sugar is a ransomware that is written in Delphi and appeared in the wild in November 2021 at the latest. Once run, Sugar ransomware encrypts files on the compromised machine and appends “.encoded01” file extension to them. The malware then displays a ransom note that asks the victim to visit the attacker’s TOR page to pay the ransom in order to recover the encrypted files. The attacker offers to decrypt up to five files to prove that the encrypted files can be recovered upon ransom is paid.The ransom note displayed by Sugar ransomware looks similar to that of REvil ransomware. Also, the TOR site used by Sugar ransomware has close resemblance with that of Cl0p ransomware. However, there is no evidence to suggest that the Sugar ransomware group is associated with REvil and Cl0p threat actors.How Widespread is Sugar Ransomware?Based on the telemetry data collected by FortiGuard Labs, Sugar ransomware infections likely occurred in Canada, Thailand, the United States, Israel and Lithuania.What is the Status of Coverage?FortiGuard Labs provides the following AV coverage against Sugar ransomware:W32/Filecoder.OJD!tr.ransomW32/PossibleThreat

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FortiGuard Labs is aware that a Proof-of-Concept (POC) code for a newly patched Windows vulnerability (CVE-2022-21882) that is reported to have been exploited in the wild was released to a publicly available online repository. CVE-2022-21882 is a local privilege (LPE) escalation vulnerability which allows a local, authenticated attacker to gain elevated local system or administrator privileges through a vulnerability in the Win32k.sys driver. The vulnerability is rated as Important by Microsoft and has CVSS score of 7.0.Why is this Significant?This is significant because now that the POC for CVE-2022-21882 has become available to the public attacks leveraging the vulnerability will likely increase. Because CVE-2022-21882 is a local privilege escalation the vulnerability will be used by an attacker that already has access to the network or will be chained with other vulnerabilities.What is CVE-2022-21882?CVE-2022-21882 is a local privilege (LPE) escalation vulnerability which allows a local, authenticated attacker to gain elevated local system or administrator privileges through a vulnerability in the Win32k.sys driver.Is the Vulnerability Exploited in the Wild?According to the Microsoft advisory, the vulnerability is being exploited in the wild.Has Microsoft Released an Advisory for CVE-2022-21882?Yes. See the Appendix for a link to the advisory.Has Microsoft Released a fix for CVE-2022-21882?Yes. Microsoft has released a patch as part of regular MS Tuesday on January 11th, 2022.What is the Status of Coverage?FortiGuard Labs provide the following IPS coverage for CVE-2022-21882:MS.Windows.Win32k.CVE-2022-21882.Privilege.ElevationFortiGuard Labs has released the following AV coverage based on the available POC:W64/Agent.A93E!exploit.CVE202221882

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