Daily Archives: February 15, 2023

Advisories

OpenEMR Vulnerabilities Endanger Patient Information

Read Time:1 Minute, 38 Second

FortiGuard Labs is aware of a report that OpenEMR (Electronic Medical Records) released a patch for three vulnerabilities on November 30, 2022, two of which can be chained for remote code execution. Since OpenEMR is used to digitally manage health records of patient and supports electronic billing, successful exploitation can result in a confidential data leak.Why is this Significant?This is significant because approximately 100,000 healthcare institutions reportedly use OpenEMR to manage 200 million patients. Failing to update OpenEMR to the latest version can lead to significant data breach. What is OpenEMR?OpenEMR is a popular open source software that does not only digitally manage health records of patients but also support other features such as electronic billing, patient scheduling, drug and product inventory, and prescriptions. OpenEMR is designed to run on wide range of platforms such as Windows, MacOS and Linux, and supports more than 30 languages.What are the Vulnerabilities?According to SonarSource, they reported three vulnerabilities to OpenEMR:Unauthenticated file read vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker to use a fraudulent MySQL server to read files from an OpenEMR instance.Authenticated local file inclusion vulnerability that allows an attacker to access files in directories which access is restricted by a .htaccess file.Authenticated reflected XSS vulnerability that allows an attacker to execute unauthenticated, arbitrary code in the context of the victim’s browser.The second and third vulnerability can be chained to achieve remote code execution, which can lead to information breach and potential system takeover.Note that CVE number is not available for all vulnerabilities.Has the Vendor Released a Patch for the Vulnerabilities?Yes, OpenEMR released a patch in version 7.0.0 on November 30th, 2022.What is the Status of Protection?FortiGuard Labs have the following IPS signatures in place for the OpenEMR vulnerabilities:OpenEMR.eye_mag_functions.php.Reflected.XSS (default action is set to “pass”)OpenEMR.new.php.File.Inclusion (default action is set to “pass”)

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Advisories

USN-5875-1: Linux kernel (GKE) vulnerabilities

Read Time:2 Minute, 24 Second

It was discovered that the NFSD implementation in the Linux kernel did not
properly handle some RPC messages, leading to a buffer overflow. A remote
attacker could use this to cause a denial of service (system crash) or
possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2022-43945)

Tamás Koczka discovered that the Bluetooth L2CAP handshake implementation
in the Linux kernel contained multiple use-after-free vulnerabilities. A
physically proximate attacker could use this to cause a denial of service
(system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2022-42896)

It was discovered that the Broadcom FullMAC USB WiFi driver in the Linux
kernel did not properly perform bounds checking in some situations. A
physically proximate attacker could use this to craft a malicious USB
device that when inserted, could cause a denial of service (system crash)
or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2022-3628)

It was discovered that a use-after-free vulnerability existed in the
Bluetooth stack in the Linux kernel. A local attacker could use this to
cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary
code. (CVE-2022-3640)

It was discovered that the Xen netback driver in the Linux kernel did not
properly handle packets structured in certain ways. An attacker in a guest
VM could possibly use this to cause a denial of service (host NIC
availability). (CVE-2022-3643)

Khalid Masum discovered that the NILFS2 file system implementation in the
Linux kernel did not properly handle certain error conditions, leading to a
use-after-free vulnerability. A local attacker could use this to cause a
denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2022-3649)

It was discovered that a race condition existed in the SMSC UFX USB driver
implementation in the Linux kernel, leading to a use-after-free
vulnerability. A physically proximate attacker could use this to cause a
denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code.
(CVE-2022-41849)

It was discovered that a race condition existed in the Roccat HID driver in
the Linux kernel, leading to a use-after-free vulnerability. A local
attacker could use this to cause a denial of service (system crash) or
possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2022-41850)

Tamás Koczka discovered that the Bluetooth L2CAP implementation in the
Linux kernel did not properly initialize memory in some situations. A
physically proximate attacker could possibly use this to expose sensitive
information (kernel memory). (CVE-2022-42895)

It was discovered that an integer overflow vulnerability existed in the
Bluetooth subsystem in the Linux kernel. A physically proximate attacker
could use this to cause a denial of service (system crash).
(CVE-2022-45934)

It was discovered that the binder IPC implementation in the Linux kernel
contained a use-after-free vulnerability. A local attacker could use this
to cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary
code. (CVE-2023-20928)

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Advisories

USN-5874-1: Linux kernel vulnerabilities

Read Time:1 Minute, 34 Second

It was discovered that the Broadcom FullMAC USB WiFi driver in the Linux
kernel did not properly perform bounds checking in some situations. A
physically proximate attacker could use this to craft a malicious USB
device that when inserted, could cause a denial of service (system crash)
or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2022-3628)

It was discovered that a use-after-free vulnerability existed in the
Bluetooth stack in the Linux kernel. A local attacker could use this to
cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary
code. (CVE-2022-3640)

Khalid Masum discovered that the NILFS2 file system implementation in the
Linux kernel did not properly handle certain error conditions, leading to a
use-after-free vulnerability. A local attacker could use this to cause a
denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2022-3649)

It was discovered that a race condition existed in the SMSC UFX USB driver
implementation in the Linux kernel, leading to a use-after-free
vulnerability. A physically proximate attacker could use this to cause a
denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code.
(CVE-2022-41849)

It was discovered that a race condition existed in the Roccat HID driver in
the Linux kernel, leading to a use-after-free vulnerability. A local
attacker could use this to cause a denial of service (system crash) or
possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2022-41850)

Tamás Koczka discovered that the Bluetooth L2CAP implementation in the
Linux kernel did not properly initialize memory in some situations. A
physically proximate attacker could possibly use this to expose sensitive
information (kernel memory). (CVE-2022-42895)

It was discovered that the binder IPC implementation in the Linux kernel
contained a use-after-free vulnerability. A local attacker could use this
to cause a denial of service (system crash) or possibly execute arbitrary
code. (CVE-2023-20928)

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News

China-based cyberespionage actor seen targeting South America

Read Time:33 Second

China-based cyberespionage actor DEV-0147 has been observed compromising diplomatic targets in South America, according to Microsoft’s Security Intelligence team. 

The initiative is “a notable expansion of the group’s data exfiltration operations that traditionally targeted gov’t agencies and think tanks in Asia and Europe,” the team tweeted on Monday. 

DEV-0147’s attacks in South America included post-exploitation activity involving the abuse of on-premises identity infrastructure for reconnaissance and lateral movement, and the use of Cobalt Strike — a penetration testing tool — for command and control and data exfiltration, Microsoft wrote in its tweet. 

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News

Cybersecurity startup Oligo debuts with new application security tech

Read Time:40 Second

Israel-based startup Oligo Security is exiting stealth mode with the public launch of its namesake software, offering a new wrinkle in library-based application security monitoring, observability, and remediation. Utilizing a technology called extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF), it is able to provide agentless code security coverage.

Given the prevalence of open source code in modern software — Oligo contends that it accounts for something like 80% or 90% — there is a need for software composition analysis solutions that can check code for potential vulnerabilities. The current generation of solutions, however, is “noisy,” according to Oligo. It tends to produce a lot of false positives, and doesn’t contextualize alerts within a given runtime. The latter tendency is unhelpful for setting remediation priorities.

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