Monthly Archives: May 2022

CWE

CWE-164 – Improper Neutralization of Internal Special Elements

Read Time:1 Minute, 21 Second

Description

The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes internal special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.

As data is parsed, improperly handled internal special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.

Modes of Introduction:

– Implementation

 

 

Related Weaknesses

CWE-138

 

Consequences

Integrity: Unexpected State

 

Potential Mitigations

Phase:

Description: 

Developers should anticipate that internal special elements will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their software system. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CVE References

CWE

CWE-163 – Improper Neutralization of Multiple Trailing Special Elements

Read Time:1 Minute, 22 Second

Description

The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.

As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.

Modes of Introduction:

– Implementation

 

 

Related Weaknesses

CWE-162

 

Consequences

Integrity: Unexpected State

 

Potential Mitigations

Phase:

Description: 

Developers should anticipate that multiple trailing special elements will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their software system. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CVE References

CWE

CWE-162 – Improper Neutralization of Trailing Special Elements

Read Time:1 Minute, 21 Second

Description

The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes trailing special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.

As data is parsed, improperly handled trailing special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.

Modes of Introduction:

– Implementation

 

 

Related Weaknesses

CWE-138

 

Consequences

Integrity: Unexpected State

 

Potential Mitigations

Phase:

Description: 

Developers should anticipate that trailing special elements will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their software system. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CVE References

CWE

CWE-161 – Improper Neutralization of Multiple Leading Special Elements

Read Time:1 Minute, 22 Second

Description

The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes multiple leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.

As data is parsed, improperly handled multiple leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.

Modes of Introduction:

– Implementation

 

 

Related Weaknesses

CWE-160

 

Consequences

Integrity: Unexpected State

 

Potential Mitigations

Phase:

Description: 

Developers should anticipate that multiple leading special elements will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their software system. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CVE References

CWE

CWE-160 – Improper Neutralization of Leading Special Elements

Read Time:1 Minute, 21 Second

Description

The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes leading special elements that could be interpreted in unexpected ways when they are sent to a downstream component.

As data is parsed, improperly handled leading special elements may cause the process to take unexpected actions that result in an attack.

Modes of Introduction:

– Implementation

 

 

Related Weaknesses

CWE-138

 

Consequences

Integrity: Unexpected State

 

Potential Mitigations

Phase:

Description: 

Developers should anticipate that leading special elements will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their software system. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CVE References

CWE

CWE-159 – Improper Handling of Invalid Use of Special Elements

Read Time:1 Minute, 13 Second

Description

The product does not properly filter, remove, quote, or otherwise manage the invalid use of special elements in user-controlled input, which could cause adverse effect on its behavior and integrity.

Modes of Introduction:

– Implementation

 

 

Related Weaknesses

CWE-138

 

Consequences

Integrity: Unexpected State

 

Potential Mitigations

Phase:

Description: 

Developers should anticipate that special elements will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their software system. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CVE References

CWE

CWE-158 – Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character

Read Time:2 Minute, 12 Second

Description

The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes NUL characters or null bytes when they are sent to a downstream component.

As data is parsed, an injected NUL character or null byte may cause the software to believe the input is terminated earlier than it actually is, or otherwise cause the input to be misinterpreted. This could then be used to inject potentially dangerous input that occurs after the null byte or otherwise bypass validation routines and other protection mechanisms.

Modes of Introduction:

– Implementation

 

 

Related Weaknesses

CWE-138

 

Consequences

Integrity: Unexpected State

 

Potential Mitigations

Phase:

Description: 

Developers should anticipate that null characters or null bytes will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their software system. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CVE References

  • CVE-2008-1284
    • NUL byte in theme name causes directory traversal impact to be worse
  • CVE-2002-1774
    • Null character in MIME header allows detection bypass.
  • CVE-2000-0149
    • Web server allows remote attackers to view the source code for CGI programs via a null character (%00) at the end of a URL.
  • CVE-2000-0671
    • Web server earlier allows allows remote attackers to bypass access restrictions, list directory contents, and read source code by inserting a null character (%00) in the URL.
  • CVE-2001-0738
    • Logging system allows an attacker to cause a denial of service (hang) by causing null bytes to be placed in log messages.
  • CVE-2001-1140
    • Web server allows source code for executable programs to be read via a null character (%00) at the end of a request.
  • CVE-2002-1031
    • Protection mechanism for limiting file access can be bypassed using a null character (%00) at the end of the directory name.
  • CVE-2002-1025
    • Application server allows remote attackers to read JSP source code via an encoded null byte in an HTTP GET request, which causes the server to send the .JSP file unparsed.
  • CVE-2003-0768
    • XSS protection mechanism only checks for sequences with an alphabetical character following a (
  • CVE-2004-0189
    • Decoding function in proxy allows regular expression bypass in ACLs via URLs with null characters.
  • CVE-2005-3153
    • Null byte bypasses PHP regexp check (interaction error).
  • CVE-2005-4155
    • Null byte bypasses PHP regexp check (interaction error).
CWE

CWE-157 – Failure to Sanitize Paired Delimiters

Read Time:1 Minute, 27 Second

Description

The software does not properly handle the characters that are used to mark the beginning and ending of a group of entities, such as parentheses, brackets, and braces.

Modes of Introduction:

– Implementation

 

 

Related Weaknesses

CWE-138

 

Consequences

Integrity: Unexpected State

 

Potential Mitigations

Phase:

Description: 

Developers should anticipate that grouping elements will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their software system. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CVE References

  • CVE-2004-0956
    • Crash via missing paired delimiter (open double-quote but no closing double-quote).
  • CVE-2005-2933
    • Buffer overflow via mailbox name with an opening double quote but missing a closing double quote, causing a larger copy than expected.
CWE

CWE-156 – Improper Neutralization of Whitespace

Read Time:1 Minute, 30 Second

Description

The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as whitespace when they are sent to a downstream component.

This can include space, tab, etc.

Modes of Introduction:

– Implementation

 

 

Related Weaknesses

CWE-138

 

Consequences

Integrity: Unexpected State

 

Potential Mitigations

Phase:

Description: 

Developers should anticipate that whitespace will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their software system. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CVE References

  • CVE-2002-0637
    • MIE. virus protection bypass with RFC violations involving extra whitespace, or missing whitespace.
  • CVE-2004-0942
    • CPU consumption with MIME headers containing lines with many space characters, probably due to algorithmic complexity (RESOURCE.AMP.ALG).
  • CVE-2003-1015
    • MIE. whitespace interpreted differently by mail clients.
CWE

CWE-155 – Improper Neutralization of Wildcards or Matching Symbols

Read Time:1 Minute, 30 Second

Description

The software receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as wildcards or matching symbols when they are sent to a downstream component.

As data is parsed, an injected element may cause the process to take unexpected actions.

Modes of Introduction:

– Implementation

 

 

Related Weaknesses

CWE-138

 

Consequences

Integrity: Unexpected State

 

Potential Mitigations

Phase:

Description: 

Developers should anticipate that wildcard or matching elements will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their software system. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Phase: Implementation

Description: 

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application’s current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CVE References

  • CVE-2002-0433
    • Bypass file restrictions using wildcard character.
  • CVE-2002-1010
    • Bypass file restrictions using wildcard character.