10 Things cybercriminals love about you

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10 Ways organizations make attacks easy

What do cybercriminals love? (Mostly themselves, but that is beside the point.) They love organizations that have unmitigated risks in their web applications and application program interfaces (APIs). With the entire world connected via the internet, the easiest and quickest way for threat actors to infiltrate your systems or steal customer data is through web applications. Basically, everything from the code used to build the application or the API used to connect things to configurations and authentications are fair game.

The top 10 web application security risks cybercriminals love

The areas most often targeted for attack can vary and may change frequently as cybercriminals invent newer and more stealthy ways to worm their way into systems. According to the OWASP, the 2021 Top 10 Web Application Security Risks are:

Broken Access Control
Cryptographic Failures (Sensitive Data Exposure)
Injections (including Cross-site Scripting)
Insecure Design
Security Misconfigurations
Vulnerabilities and Outdated Components
Identification and Authentication Failures
Software and Data Integrity Failures
Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
Server-side Request Forgeries

Most common attack types

Based on the risks listed above, criminals are most likely to employ the following attack types in their bid to infiltrate systems or steal sensitive customer credentials:

Client-side attacks (data breaches and credential compromise)

Client-side attacks include formjacking, credit card skimming, and Magecart attacks. Cybercriminals use client-side attacks to steal information directly from customers or other website users as they input information into websites. Stolen data includes credit card information and personally identifiable information (PII).

Supply chain attacks (JavaScript and software)

According to recent research, supply chain attacks surged by more than 650% over the last year. Threat actors are leveraging existing vulnerabilities in open-source and third-party code or injecting their own malicious scripts into software and JavaScript code to conduct hostile attacks against organizations and industries connected via the supply chain.

Vulnerable application attacks (Unpatched bugs/vulnerabilities and legacy applications)

New bugs and vulnerabilities are discovered on a daily basis and cybercriminals love to exploit them. Equally, criminals are attracted to legacy applications that may contain unpatchable vulnerabilities. Sometimes attackers discover the vulnerabilities before security researchers, and these ‘zero days’ enable application and system compromise often without the organization even knowing it had been attacked. Common attack types that target vulnerabilities include cross-site scripting, injections (JavaScript, SQL, CSS, and HTML).

Automated attacks (Bots and DDoS)

Threat actors use automated techniques, such as botnets and distributed denial of service (DDOS) for attacks that include credential stuffing, content scraping, ticket/product scalping, gift card abuse, and business interruption.

Protect your organization from the risks and attacks that cybercriminals love

There are purpose-built solutions that safeguard organizations, consumers, and internet users from the very things that criminals love to use to their advantage. Two tools that are a part of AT&T Managed Vulnerability Program from Feroot provide client-side application security solutions. These tools are:

Feroot Security PageGuard—Based on the Zero Trust model, PageGuard runs continuously in the background to automatically detect the types of unauthorized scripts and anomalous code behavior found in client-side, application, supply chain and automated attack types. If threats are detected, PageGuard blocks all unauthorized and unwanted behavior in real-time across the organization. PageGuard also automatically applies security configurations and permissions for continuous monitoring of and protection from malicious client-side activities and third-party scripts.

Feroot Security Inspector—In just seconds, Inspector automatically discovers all web assets a company utilizes and reports on their data access. Inspector finds all security vulnerabilities on the client-side and provides specific client-side threat remediation advice to application developers and security teams in real-time.

Next steps

Modern web applications are useful, but they can carry potentially dangerous vulnerabilities and bugs. Protect your customers and your websites and applications from client-side security threats, like Magecart and script attacks with security tools like Feroot’s Inspector and PageGuard. These services offered by AT&T’s Managed Vulnerability Program (MVP) allows the MVP team to inspect and monitor customer web applications for malicious JavaScript code that could jeopardize customer and organization security.

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Using Windows Defender Application Control to block malicious applications and drivers

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Ideally, we would lock down our operating systems to allow only those applications we want to have running. For many companies, however, investigating what software is running in their networks takes resources and research that they often don’t have.

A tool built into Windows can provide better control over what runs on your system. Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC), also referred to as Microsoft Defender Application Control (MDAC), was introduced with Windows 10 and allows you to control drivers and applications on your Windows clients. Some WDAC capabilities are available only on specific Windows versions. Cmdlets are available on all SKUs since 1909. An older Microsoft whitelisting technology, AppLocker, is no longer being developed and will receive security fixes but no new features.

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FIDO enters the consumer identity space

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For as long as I have been in the security industry, a good quarter of a century, the conundrum of security versus usability has reigned. Attempts at redressing this balance have arisen. Mobile-based authentication has been added to the security armory of both the consumer and the enterprise login credentials. Further attempts at hardening login whilst balancing usability, have seen the advent of biometric authentication methods; all attempt to cope with the infinite “phishability” of the humble password. Yet still, authentication remains the bugbear of the consumer and the identity industry.

The FIDO Alliance has been working to crack this security/usability riddle since 2012. Until now, their efforts have been chiefly aimed at the enterprise. However, as consumer identity and remote working creates a fuzzy identity landscape, FIDO has turned its sights on fixing authentication for consumers.

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LSN-0085-1: Kernel Live Patch Security Notice

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Yiqi Sun and Kevin Wang discovered that the cgroups implementation in the
Linux kernel did not properly restrict access to the cgroups v1
release_agent feature. A local attacker could use this to gain
administrative privileges.(CVE-2022-0492)

Nick Gregory discovered that the Linux kernel incorrectly handled network
offload functionality. A local attacker could use this to cause a denial of
service or possibly execute arbitrary code.(CVE-2022-25636)

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GIMMICK Implant Used by StormCloud APT Targeting Users in Asia

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FortiGuard Labs is aware of a new variant of the GIMMICK malware that is targeting Asian users. Discovered by researchers at Volexity, the GIMMICK implant has been attributed to the StormCloud APT group. According to the report, GIMMICK variants for macOS and Windows environments were seen. It also has been observed to be using File based command and control, specifically Google Cloud. GIMMICK has been attributed to nation state actors operating out of China. What is GIMMICK?GIMMICK is an implant that is similar to a remote access trojan (RAT) that allows the attacker to perform various instructions on the victim machine to further lateral movement. What makes this different from a RAT is that it is asynchronous in nature, moves in predefined pattern and does not really rely on an attacker to control. Once the implant is run, it follows a set of steps to further lateral movement and stores all information in a set of directories. Once these steps are completed, the exfiltrated data will be automatically uploaded to a predefined C2 server hosted on Google Drive. This allows for the implant to go undetected as traffic to Google Drive would be considered clean and not malicious traffic. What Operating Systems are Affected?MacOS and Windows platforms. Is GIMMICK Attributed to any other Groups?No. GIMMICK appears to be attributed to StormCloud only. What is the Status of Coverage?FortiGuard Labs has AV coverage in place as:Customers running the latest definitions are protected by the following (AV) signature:OSX/Gimmick.A!tr

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Joint CyberSecurity Advisory Alert on AvosLocker Ransomware

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FortiGuard Labs is aware that a joint advisory on AvosLocker malware was recently issued by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the US Department of Treasury. AvosLocker is a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) that has targeted organizations across multiple critical infrastructure sectors in the United States. The targeted sectors include financial services, critical manufacturing, and government facilities organizations. Other AvosLocker victims are in multiple countries throughout the world. Why is this Significant?This is significant because the joint advisory indicates that organizations across multiple critical infrastructure sectors in the United States were targeted by AvosLocker ransomware. The advisory calls out vulnerabilities that the ransomware group exploited, which companies need to consider patching as soon as possible.What is AvosLocker?AvosLocker ransomware targets Windows and Linux systems and was first observed in late June 2021. As Ransomware-as-a-Service, AvosLocker is advertised on a number of Dark Web communities, recruiting affiliates (partners) and access brokers. After breaking into a target and locating accessible files on the victim network, AvosLocker exfiltrates data, encrypts the files with AES-256, and leaves a ransom note “GET_YOUR_FILES_BACK.txt”. Some of the known file extensions that AvosLocker adds to the files it encrypted are “.avos”, “.avos2”, and “.avoslinux”.On top of leaving a ransom note to have the victim pay in order to recover their encrypted files and to not have their stolen information disclosed to the public, some AvosLocker victims were reported to have received phone calls from an AvosLocker attacker. The calls threatened the victim to go to the payment site for negotiation. Some victims also received an additional threat that the attacker would launch Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks against them. AvosLocker’s leak site is called “press release” where the victims are listed along with a description about them.How Widespread is AvosLocker Ransomware?The advisory indicates that AvosLocker’s known victims are “in the United States, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Taiwan”.What Vulnerabilities are Exploited by AvosLocker?The advisory states that “multiple victims have reported on premise Microsoft Exchange Server vulnerabilities as the likely intrusion vector”. Those vulnerabilities include CVE-2021-26855 and ProxyShell, which is an exploit attack chain involving three Microsoft exchange vulnerabilities: CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523 and CVE-2021-31207. Also, a path traversal vulnerability in the FortiOS SSL-VPN web portal was reported to have been exploited by the AvosLocker group.FortiGuard Labs previously posted a Threat Signal on ProxyShell. See the Appendix for a link to “Vulnerable Microsoft Exchange Servers Actively Scanned for ProxyShell” and FortiGuard Labs released a patch for CVE-2018-13379 in May 2019. For additional information, see the Appendix for a link to “Malicious Actor Discloses FortiGate SSL-VPN Credentials”, and “The Art of War (and Patch Management)” for the importance of patch management.What Tools is AvosLocker Known to Utilize?The advisory references the following tools:Cobalt StrikeEncoded PowerShell scriptsPuTTY Secure Copy client tool “pscp.exe”RcloneAnyDeskScannerAdvanced IP ScannerWinLister What is the Status of Coverage?FortiGuard Labs provides the following AV coverage against known samples of AvosLocker ransomware:W32/Cryptor.OHU!tr.ransomW32/Filecoder.OHU!tr.ransomELF/Encoder.A811!tr.ransomLinux/Filecoder_AvosLocker.A!trPossibleThreatFortiGuard Labs provides the following AV coverage against ProxyShell:MSIL/proxyshell.A!trMSIL/proxyshell.B!trFortiGuard Labs provides the following IPS coverage against CVE-2021-26855, ProxyShell, and CVE-2018-13379:MS.Exchange.Server.ProxyRequestHandler.Remote.Code.Execution (CVE-2021-26855)MS.Exchange.Server.CVE-2021-34473.Remote.Code.Execution (CVE-2021-34473)MS.Exchange.Server.Common.Access.Token.Privilege.Elevation (CVE-2021-34523)MS.Exchange.MailboxExportRequest.Arbitrary.File.Write (CVE-2021-31207)FortiOS.SSL.VPN.Web.Portal.Pathname.Information.Disclosure (CVE-2018-13379)FortiGuard Labs provides the following IPS coverage against CobaltStrike:Backdoor.Cobalt.Strike.BeaconAll network IOCs are blocked by the WebFiltering client.

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